Incarnation, Biology, and Ecology: A Theological Synthesis Through Laudato Si’

Abstract

The escalating ecological crisis, reflected in climate change, biodiversity loss, and ecosystem degradation, requires an interdisciplinary response that addresses its scientific, ethical, and spiritual dimensions. This study aimed to formulate an integral ecotheological framework by bringing Christian theology, particularly Laudato Si’, into dialogue with molecular biology, evolutionary biology, and ecological science. It employed a qualitative, interdisciplinary, conceptual design based on hermeneutical and synthetic analysis. The study examined primary theological sources, Scripture, contemporary ecotheological scholarship, and established scientific literature through theological analysis, comparative interdisciplinary dialogue, ecological hermeneutics, and synthetic integration. The findings indicated that the Incarnation could be understood as divine participation in biological life, affirming the dignity, vulnerability, and interconnectedness of human and nonhuman beings. Molecular biology, microbiomes, biodiversity, and ecological networks revealed the biological unity and mutual dependence of life, while evolutionary suffering and extinction called for a broader soteriological perspective that encompassed the entire biosphere. These insights challenged anthropocentric perspectives and supported ecological conversion through sustainable consumption, environmental justice, ecological restoration, education, worship, and community action. The study concluded that integrating scientific knowledge with Christian theology strengthened integral ecotheology by grounding ecological responsibility in biological interdependence, humility, solidarity, and care for the entire community of life within a shared and vulnerable planet.